Artemisinin Combination Therapies (ACTs): A Comprehensive List
Artemisinin Combination Therapies (ACTs) are the current gold standard for treating uncomplicated malaria. These combinations pair an artemisinin derivative with one or more other antimalarial drugs to improve efficacy and reduce the risk of resistance development. Here's a list of the most common and WHO-recommended ACTs:
Artemether-Lumefantrine (AL)
Brand names: Coartem, Riamet
Artesunate-Amodiaquine (AS-AQ)
Brand names: ASAQ, Coarsucam
Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine (DHA-PQP)
Brand names: Eurartesim, Artekin
Artesunate-Mefloquine (AS-MQ)
Brand names: ASMQ, Artequin
Artesunate-Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine (AS-SP)
Primarily used in areas where SP remains effective
Artesunate-Pyronaridine (AS-PY)
Brand name: Pyramax
Artemisinin-Naphthoquine (AN)
Used in some regions, particularly in Asia
Artesunate-Chlorproguanil-Dapsone (ACD)
Development discontinued due to safety concerns
Artemether-Lumefantrine-Amodiaquine (AL-AQ)
A triple combination therapy under investigation
Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine-Trimethoprim (DHA-PQP-T)
Another triple combination therapy being studied
These ACTs are typically administered orally over a three-day course, with specific dosing regimens based on the patient's weight and age. The choice of ACT may vary depending on local malaria parasite resistance patterns, drug availability, and national treatment guidelines. It's important to note that ongoing research continues to explore new combinations and formulations to address evolving challenges in malaria treatment and prevention.
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