Canker: A Common Oral Ailment
Canker sores, also known as aphthous ulcers, are a type of mouth sore that affects millions of people worldwide. These small, shallow lesions develop on the soft tissues in your mouth or at the base of your gums. While they're not contagious, canker sores can be painful and make eating, drinking, and talking uncomfortable.
Canker sores typically appear as round or oval spots with a white or yellow center and a red border. They can vary in size from a few millimeters to over a centimeter in diameter. Most canker sores heal on their own within one to two weeks, but larger ones may take up to six weeks to heal completely.
The exact cause of canker sores isn't fully understood, but several factors may contribute to their development:
Minor mouth injuries from dental work, aggressive brushing, or accidental cheek bites
Food sensitivities, particularly to acidic or spicy foods
Nutritional deficiencies, especially in vitamin B-12, zinc, folate, or iron
Hormonal changes during menstruation
Emotional stress or lack of sleep
Certain medical conditions, such as celiac disease or inflammatory bowel disease
Family history, suggesting a genetic predisposition
Symptoms of canker sores include:
A tingling or burning sensation before the sore appears
Pain or discomfort in the affected area
Difficulty eating, drinking, or speaking when the sore is active
While canker sores often heal on their own, several treatments can help manage symptoms and promote faster healing:
Over-the-counter topical medications containing benzocaine or fluocinonide
Antimicrobial mouth rinses to reduce irritation
Oral pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen
Zinc lozenges or oral zinc supplements
Applying ice or a tea bag to the sore
Dabbing a small amount of milk of magnesia on the ulcer
Using a soft-bristled toothbrush and avoiding irritating foods
To prevent canker sores, consider:
Eating a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
Avoiding foods that seem to trigger outbreaks
Using a soft-bristled toothbrush and brushing gently
Managing stress through relaxation techniques or exercise
Getting adequate sleep and maintaining good overall health
While most canker sores are harmless, consult a healthcare professional if:
Sores are unusually large or painful
They persist for more than three weeks
You experience frequent outbreaks
Sores extend to your lips
You develop a fever along with the sores
Understanding canker sores and how to manage them can help you minimize discomfort and maintain good oral health. If you experience recurring or severe canker sores, it's essential to discuss this with your dentist or doctor to rule out any underlying health conditions and explore more targeted treatment options.
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