Deep Mouth Ulcers_ Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Deep Mouth Ulcers: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Deep mouth ulcers, also known as major aphthous ulcers or Sutton's disease, are a more severe form of oral ulceration that can cause significant discomfort and take longer to heal than typical canker sores. These ulcers penetrate deeper into the oral tissues, often affecting the deeper layers of the mucosa and sometimes even reaching the submucosa.

Causes of deep mouth ulcers can be multifaceted and may include:

Immune system dysfunction

Nutritional deficiencies (particularly vitamin B12, iron, and folic acid)

Hormonal changes

Stress

Genetic predisposition

Certain medical conditions (e.g., Beh?et's disease, inflammatory bowel disease)

Trauma to the oral tissues

Symptoms of deep mouth ulcers typically include:

Large, painful sores (often exceeding 1 cm in diameter)

Ulcers with irregular borders and a raised edge

A gray, white, or yellowish base with a red border

Intense pain, especially when eating, drinking, or speaking

Longer healing time (can take several weeks to months)

Potential scarring after healing

Systemic symptoms like fever or fatigue in severe cases

Treatment for deep mouth ulcers often requires a more aggressive approach than for minor ulcers:

Topical corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and pain

Systemic corticosteroids for severe cases

Topical anesthetics for pain relief

Antimicrobial mouthwashes to prevent secondary infections

Nutritional supplements if deficiencies are identified

Immunosuppressive medications for recurrent or severe cases

Cauterization or laser therapy in some instances

Managing deep mouth ulcers also involves:

Avoiding triggers like spicy or acidic foods

Maintaining good oral hygiene

Using a soft-bristled toothbrush

Applying a protective paste or gel to cover the ulcer

Staying hydrated and eating a balanced diet

It's crucial to consult a healthcare professional if you suspect you have a deep mouth ulcer, especially if it persists for more than three weeks. They can provide an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan, as well as rule out more serious conditions like oral cancer. In some cases, a biopsy may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis and guide treatment.