Deep Mouth Ulcers: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
Deep mouth ulcers, also known as major aphthous ulcers or Sutton's disease, are a more severe form of oral ulceration that can cause significant discomfort and take longer to heal than typical canker sores. These ulcers penetrate deeper into the oral tissues, often affecting the deeper layers of the mucosa and sometimes even reaching the submucosa.
Causes of deep mouth ulcers can be multifaceted and may include:
Immune system dysfunction
Nutritional deficiencies (particularly vitamin B12, iron, and folic acid)
Hormonal changes
Stress
Genetic predisposition
Certain medical conditions (e.g., Beh?et's disease, inflammatory bowel disease)
Trauma to the oral tissues
Symptoms of deep mouth ulcers typically include:
Large, painful sores (often exceeding 1 cm in diameter)
Ulcers with irregular borders and a raised edge
A gray, white, or yellowish base with a red border
Intense pain, especially when eating, drinking, or speaking
Longer healing time (can take several weeks to months)
Potential scarring after healing
Systemic symptoms like fever or fatigue in severe cases
Treatment for deep mouth ulcers often requires a more aggressive approach than for minor ulcers:
Topical corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and pain
Systemic corticosteroids for severe cases
Topical anesthetics for pain relief
Antimicrobial mouthwashes to prevent secondary infections
Nutritional supplements if deficiencies are identified
Immunosuppressive medications for recurrent or severe cases
Cauterization or laser therapy in some instances
Managing deep mouth ulcers also involves:
Avoiding triggers like spicy or acidic foods
Maintaining good oral hygiene
Using a soft-bristled toothbrush
Applying a protective paste or gel to cover the ulcer
Staying hydrated and eating a balanced diet
It's crucial to consult a healthcare professional if you suspect you have a deep mouth ulcer, especially if it persists for more than three weeks. They can provide an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan, as well as rule out more serious conditions like oral cancer. In some cases, a biopsy may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis and guide treatment.
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