Common Causes of Mouth Ulcers

Common Causes of Mouth Ulcers

Mouth ulcers, also known as canker sores, are a frequent oral health issue that can cause discomfort and pain. While the exact cause isn't always clear, several factors contribute to their development. Understanding these causes can help in prevention and management of these painful sores.

Minor injuries to the mouth are a leading cause of ulcers. This can occur from accidentally biting the inside of your cheek, brushing too hard, or eating sharp foods. Dental work or ill-fitting dentures can also cause irritation leading to ulcers. Stress and anxiety are significant contributors, as they can weaken the immune system, making the mouth more susceptible to sores. Nutritional deficiencies, particularly in vitamins B12, iron, and folate, have been linked to increased ulcer occurrence.

Certain foods can trigger ulcers in some individuals. Acidic fruits, spicy foods, and even chocolate have been known to cause issues. Hormonal changes, especially in women during menstruation or pregnancy, can increase ulcer likelihood. Some medical conditions, such as celiac disease or inflammatory bowel diseases, may manifest with recurrent mouth ulcers. Certain medications, including some NSAIDs and beta-blockers, can have mouth ulcers as a side effect.

Genetics may play a role, as some people seem more predisposed to developing ulcers. Autoimmune disorders can also cause mouth ulcers as the body mistakenly attacks its own tissues. Poor oral hygiene can create an environment conducive to ulcer formation. Allergic reactions to certain foods or oral care products can result in ulcers. Viral infections, such as herpes simplex virus, can cause sores in and around the mouth.

Tobacco use, both smoking and chewing, can irritate the mouth's soft tissues, leading to ulcers. Dehydration can make the mouth's tissues more vulnerable to damage and ulceration. Lack of sleep and general fatigue can weaken the body's defenses, making ulcer formation more likely. In rare cases, mouth ulcers can be a sign of oral cancer, especially if they persist for several weeks.

Understanding these causes can help individuals take steps to prevent mouth ulcers or seek appropriate treatment when they occur. If ulcers are frequent or severe, it's important to consult a healthcare professional to rule out any underlying health issues and receive proper treatment.